In general, significantly less sample is used to generate the final concentration ranges. Compounding error is eliminated since samples are not serially diluted. Because the amount of stock solution is so small, the sample can be maintained in pure DMSO to reduce the chance of sample precipitation during dilution.
Serial dilution lab conclusion serial#
Stock solution is transferred directly to the assay wells to generate the same concentrations obtained in serial dilutions. This eliminates the potential for both leachates and cross-contamination. When the Labcyte Echo liquid handler is used, the solutions are never in contact with a pipet tip, pin tool, or spray nozzle. Direct dilution using an acoustic liquid handlerįigure 2 – Direct dilution provides a number of advantages over serial dilution. Doing a tenfold dilution six times in a row generates a solution that one hopes to have one-millionth the concentration of the initial stock solution. To generate more dilute concentrations, an aliquot of the diluted solution is further diluted with buffer ( Figure 1). In this technique, a volume of concentrated stock solution is diluted with a liquid.
Serial dilution lab conclusion series#
The serial dilution technique 1 using pipets is a well-established way to obtain a series of increasingly dilute solutions to understand the effect of dosing. Note that 10 µ L of sample is used to generate the concentration gradient. In this example, the final DMSO concentration in the assay is 0.75%. 4 In order to keep the final concentration of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) low in the assay, 10% DMSO was used as the diluent. The serial process increases the error in precision at each successive step. This transfer increases the number of disposable tips used or increases the potential for carryover.
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2,3 After a series of diluted samples are generated, a small volume is transferred to the assay plate. However, multiple contacts also open the technique to problems caused by leachates. While pipet tips can be washed, most groups use new tips to eliminate any chance of carryover. Each transfer step requires contact with the pipet (symbolized by the yellow triangle).
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Other methods may use twofold or tenfold dilutions. This model shows the initial steps of a serial dilution using half-log steps. Figure 1 – Traditional serial dilutions can be structured with various modifications.